Occipital Nerve Root Block

An occipital nerve block is an injection designed to relieve pain originating from the greater or lesser occipital nerves, which run from the upper spine (cervical region) through the scalp. These nerves can become irritated or inflamed, leading to occipital neuralgia—headaches or pain at the back of the head and neck.

The procedure involves injecting a local anesthetic (sometimes combined with a steroid) near the affected occipital nerves. This can:

• Temporarily numb the nerve, blocking pain signals
• Reduce inflammation, providing longer-lasting relief
• Help determine if occipital nerve irritation is the source of your pain (diagnostic purpose)

Who Benefits from Occipital Nerve Block

You may be a candidate for an occipital nerve block if you experience:

• Occipital neuralgia: sharp, stabbing, or throbbing pain starting at the base of the skull and radiating upward into the scalp
• Chronic headaches, especially those that start in the back of the head and move forward
• Migraines that do not respond well to standard treatments
• Tenderness over the occipital nerves when pressed
• Pain associated with neck movement or tight muscles in the upper spine
• Burning or electric-shock–like sensations radiating into the scalp

What to Expect

• Preparation: Minimal preparation is required. You may be asked to avoid blood-thinning medications beforehand.
• Positioning: You’ll usually lie face down.
• Cleaning and Numbing: The injection area is cleaned, and a local anesthetic numbs the skin.
• Injection: A thin needle is carefully placed near the occipital nerve root. Medication (local anesthetic, sometimes with a steroid) is injected.
• Duration: The procedure typically takes a few minutes, and you’ll be awake the entire time.
• Outpatient: You will go home shortly after the injection.